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Reference ranges for blood tests

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Reference ranges for blood tests

Interpretation

The range is usually considered the set of values of 95 percent of the normal population is defined (ie, 95% prediction interval) or two standard deviations from the mean, although the definition can vary (see definition of reference range). It is calculated by collecting data from a large number of laboratory tests.

Plasma or whole blood

All values (except for the exceptions below) indicate blood plasma concentration that is about 60-100% larger than the actual concentration in the blood when the amount is within the red blood cells (erythrocytes) negligible. The exact factor depends on hematocrit and amount within RBC. Exceptions are mainly those values that describe overall concentration in the blood, and in this article are:

All values in hematology – red blood cells (other than hemoglobin in plasma)

All values in the Haematology – white blood cells

Platelet count (Plt)

A few values for the interior and red blood cells only:

Vitamin B9 (folic acid / folate) in the red blood cells

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Units

Mass concentration (g / dl or g / L) is the most common unit in the United States. Is usually with dl (deciliter) is specified as the denominator in the United States and usually with L (l) in, for example, Sweden.

Molar concentration (mol / L) is at a higher level in most of the rest used the world including the UK and other parts of Europe and Australia and New Zealand.

International Units (IU) are measured effect on biological activity or, or for some substances, a certain equivalent mass.

Enzyme activity (kat) is often used as liver values such as AST, ALT, LD and GT used in Sweden.

Arterial and venous

Unless otherwise specified, a reference range for a blood test is usually the venous area, since the standard procedure for obtaining a sample by venipuncture. An exception is made for acid-base and blood gases, which generally given for arterial blood.

However, the blood levels approximately equal between the arterial and venous sides for most substances, with the exception of the acid-base balance, blood gases and drugs (used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) assays). Arterial levels of drugs are usually higher than venous levels by extracting it passes through tissue.

Inaccuracy

Main article: Reference range # inaccuracy

Reference range will vary with age, sex, race, diet, use of prescribed or herbal drugs, stress, and even the instruments used. The samples may differ from normal distribution. In addition, sufficient only describe as a reference, which are common values among people, and not to correlate directly with the fields for optimum health. If there are significant differences, it can be given additional optimum range for the substance. Finally, the test procedure itself is faulty or inaccurate.

Sort by concentration

A separate printable image is combined for mass and molarity

Small, narrow boxes have a more narrow homeostatic regulation, when measured as a standard "normal" reference range.

Mass and Molarity

Hormones outweigh the left side of the scale, with a red at ng / L or pmol / L, which showed a very low concentration. It seems the largest concentration of substances in the yellow part (g / L or nmol / L), are sparse in the green area (mg / L or mol / L). However, there is another cluster with many metabolic substances such as cholesterol and glucose on the border with the blue part (g / L or mmol / L).

To translate a substance from the molar concentration of the mass scale above:

Numeric: molar concentration x molecular weight = mass concentration

right in the distance measured on the scales:

, Where the distance in a few decades or "octaves" on the right side, the concentration will be found. To translate from mass to molar concentration, the dividend (molecular mass and the divisor (1000) Change in the division, the courts, or, alternatively, spacing are changed to law to to the left. Substances with a molecular weight of 1000 g / mol distance ( eg thyroxine) are aligned almost perpendicular to the molar mass and pictures. Adrenocorticotropic hormone, on the other side, with a molecular weight of 4540, 0.7 decades on the right side in the mass image. Substances with a molecular weight is below 1000 g / mol (eg, electrolytes and metabolites) have "negative" distance, that is, different masses for the left.

Many substances are released into mass concentration, is not given in molar quantity, because they have not received the article.

By units

Units not necessarily say anything about molarity or mass.

A few substances are under the main point interval, eg, thyroid stimulating hormone in mU / l or above, such as rheumatoid factor and CA19-9, U / ml.

By enzyme activity

White blood cells

Clinical Biochemistry

Clinical chemistry is the field of pathology is concerned generally with the analysis of body fluids (also known as clinical biochemistry, chemical pathology or pure blood chemistry known).

Electrolytes and metabolites

Electrolytes and metabolites: For iron and copper, are some related proteins also included.

Test
Patient Type

Lower limit
Upper limit

Unit

Comments

Sodium (Na)

135, 137

145, 147

mmol / L or mEq / L

31, 32

33, 34

mg / dl

Potassium (K)

3.5, 3.6

5.0, 5.1

mmol / L or mEq / L

See hypokalemia or hyperkalemia

mg / dl

Chloride (Cl)

95, 98, 100

105, 106, 110

mmol / L or mEq / L

340

370

mg / dl

Osmolality

275, 280, 281

295, 296, 297

mOsm / kg

Weight includes plasma solutes

Osmolarity

A little less than the osmolality

mOsm / l

Plasma volume contains solutes

Urea

1.2, 3.0

3.0, 7.0

mmol / L

BUN – Blood urea nitrogen

18, 21

mg / dL

* Uric acid

00:18

00:48

mmol / L

Male

2.0

7.0

mg / dL

Male

2.1
8.5

mg / dL

Creatinine

Male

60, 68

90, 118

mol / L

May be supplemented with a creatinine clearance

0.7, 0.8

1.0, 1.3

mg / dL

Female

50, 68

90, 98

mol / L

0.6, 0.8

1.0, 1.1

mg / dL

BUN / creatinine ratio

–

Plasma glucose (fasting)

3.8, 4.0

6.0, 6.1

mmol / L

See also glycosylated hemoglobin (in hematology)

65, 70, 72

100, 110

mg / dL

Full blood sugar (fasting)

3.3

5.6

mmol / L

100

mg / dL

Total serum iron (TSI)

Male

65, 76

176, 198

g / dL

11.6, 13.6

30, 32, 35

mol / L

Female

26, 50

170

g / dL

4.6, 8.9

30.4

mol / L

Newborn child

100

250

g / dL

mol / L

Children

120

g / dL

mol / L

Total iron (TIBC)

240, 262

450, 474

g / dL

43, 47

81, 85

mol / L

Transferrin

190, 194, 204

326, 330, 360

mg / dL

mol / L

Transferrin saturation

Ferritin

Male

300

ng / mL

27
670

pmol / L

Male

150

ng / mL

27
330

pmol / L

Ammonia

10, 20

35, 65

mol / L

17, 34

60, 110

g / dL

Copper

150

g / dL

11
24

mol / L

Ceruloplasmin

mg / dL

1
4

mol / L

Lactate (venous)

4.5

19.8

mg / dL

0.5

2.2

mmol / L

Lactate (arterial)

4.5

14.4

mg / dL

0.5

1.6

mmol / L

Pyruvate

300

900

g / dL

34
102

mol / L

Acid-base and blood gases

For more information: acid-base homeostasis

For more information: Arterial blood gas

If arteriovenous is not specified for an acid-base and blood gas value, generally refers to arterial and venous otherwise is not the standard.

Acid-base and blood gases are among the few blood components that show significant difference between arterial and venous values. Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high degree of inter-method reliability between arterial and venous tests of arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent to these.

Test

Arteriovenous

Lower limit

Upper limit

Unit

Comments

Arterial

7.34, 7.35

7.44, 7.45

Venous

7:31

7:41

[H +]

Arterial

nmol / L

3.6
4.4

ng / dl

Base Excess

Arterial and venous

-3

mEq / L

Oxygen pressure (PO2)

Arterial

10, 11

13, 14

kPa

75, 83

100, 105

mmHg or Torr

Venous

4.0

5.3

kPa

mmHg or Torr

Oxygen saturation

Arterial

94, 95, 96

100

Venous

About 75

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Arterial

4.4, 4.7

5.9, 6.0

kPa

Designated pCO2

33, 35

44, 45

mmHg or Torr

mmol / L

100

132

mg / dL

Venous

5.5

6.8

kPa

mmHg or Torr

Bicarbonate (HCO 3,)

Arterial and venous

mmol / L

110

140

mg / dL

Standard bicarbonate (SBCE)

Arterial and venous

21-22

27-28

mmol / L or mEq / L

134
/> Nmol / L

g / dL

Midnight

350

nmol / L

2.9

g / dL

Growth hormone (fasting)

ng / mL

Growth hormone (arginine-stimulation)

n / a

ng / mL

Prolactin

Male

n / a

ng / ml or g / L

Male

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

10, 17

65, 70

pg / ml

1.1, 1.8

6.9, 7.5

pmol / L

25-hydroxycholecalciferol (a vitamin D)

Standard reference range

8, 9

40, 80

ng / mL

20, 23

95, 150

nmol / L

25-hydroxycholecalciferol

-Therapeutic target range

30, 40

65, 100

ng / mL

85, 100

120, 160

nmol / L

Amino acids

Test

Sex

Age

Lower limit

Upper limit

Unit

Increased

Therapeutic Target

Homocysteine

Male

1219 years

3.3
7.2

mol / L

> 10.4 mol / L

> 140 g / dl

<6.3 mol / L
or

<85 g / dL

100

g / dL

> 60 years

4.9
11.6
mol / L

160

g / dL

Male

1219 years

4.3
9.9
mol / L

> 11.4 mol / L

> 150 g / dL

130

g / dL

> 60 years

5.9
15.3
mol / L

210

g / dL

Vitamins

Test

Patient Type

Standard program

Unit

Optimal Range

Lower limit

Upper limit

Lower limit

Upper limit

Vitamin A

g / dL

Vitamin B9

(Folic acid / folate) – Serum

Age more than 1 year

3.0

ng / ml or g / L

5
6.8

nmol / l

Vitamin B9

(Folic acid / folate) – Red blood cells

200

600

ng / ml or g / L

450

1400

nmol / L

Pregnant

ng / ml or g / L

400

nmol / L

900

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

130, 160

700, 950

ng / L

100, 120

520, 700

pmol / L

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

0.4

1.5

mg / dL

0.9

mol / L

25-hydroxycholecalciferol (a vitamin D)

8, 9

40, 80

ng / mL

30, 40

65, 100

20, 23

95, 150

nmol / L

85, 100

120, 160

Vitamin E

mol / L

mg / dL

1.2

Toxins

Test

Limit type

Limit

Unit

Lead

Optimum health

<20 or 40

g / dL

Ethanol

Limit for drink driving

0, 0.2, 0.8

or g / L

17.4

mmol / L

Hematology

Hematology is the branch of biology (physiology), pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, pediatrics, and that is concerned with the study of the blood, the blood-forming organs and blood diseases.

Red blood cells

These values (with the exception of hemoglobin in plasma) are for the whole blood rather than blood plasma.

Test

Patient

Lower limit

Upper limit

Unit

Comments

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Male

2.0, 2.1

2.5, 2.7

mmol / L

Higher in neonates, children less.

130, 132, 135

162, 170, 175

g / L

Female

1.8, 1.9

2.3, 2.5

mmol / L

Sex difference negligible until adulthood.

120
150, 152, 160

g / L

Hemoglobin in plasma

12:16

0.62

mol / L

Usually diminutive compared to within the red blood cells

mg / dL

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

<50 years

3.6

5.0

% Of HB

> 50 years

3.9

5.3

Haptoglobin

<50 years

12:35

1.9

g / L

> 50 years

12:47

2.1

Hematocrit (Hk)

Male

0.39, 0.4, 0.41, 0.45

0.50, 0.52,0.53, 0.62

Female

0.35, 0.36,0.37

0.46, 0.48

Child

00:31

12:43

Mean cell volume (MCV)

Male

76, 82

100, 102

The cells are larger in neonates, though smaller in other children.

Male

101

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)

11.5

14.5

Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH)

00:39

00:54

fmol / cell

25, 27

32, 33, 35

pg / cell

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

31, 32

35, 36

g / dL

4.8, 5.0

5.4, 5.6

mmol / L

Erythrocytes / red blood cells (RBC)

Male

4.2, 4.3

5.7, 5.9, 6.2, 6.9

x1012 / L

Male

3.5, 3.8, 3.9

5.1, 5.5

x1012 / L

Babies / children

3.8

5.5

x1012 / L

Reticulocytes

130

x109 / L

Adults

0.5

1.5

% Of RBC

Newborn child

1.1

4.5

% Of RBC

Toddler

0.5

3.1

% Of RBC

White blood cells

These values are for the whole blood rather than blood plasma.

Test

Patient Type

Lower limit

Upper limit

Unit

Number of white blood cells (WBC.)

Adults

3.5, 3.9, 4.1, 4.5

9.0, 10.0, 10.9, 11

x109 / L

x103/mm3 or

x103 / L

Newborn child

1 year ago

Neutrophils

(AKA Grans, polys, PMNs, or SEGS)

Adults

1.3, 1.8, 2

5.4, 7, 8

x109 / L

45-54

62, 74

% Of WBC

Newborn child

x109 / L

Neutrophil band forms

Adults

0.7

x109 / L

% Of WBC

Lymphocytes

Adults

0.7, 1.0

3.5, 3.9, 4.8

x109 / L

16-25

33, 45

% Of WBC

Newborn child

x109 / L

Monocytes

Adults

0.1, 0.2

0.8

x109 / L

3, 4.0

7, 10

% Of WBC

Newborn child

0.4

3.1

x109 / L

Mononuclear leukocytes

(Lymphocytes + monocytes)

Adults

1.5

x109 / L

% Of WBC

CD4 + cells

Adults

0.4, 0.5

1.5, 1.8

x109 / L

Eosinophils

Adults

0.0, 0.04

0.44, 0.45, 0.5

x109 / L

3, 7

% Of WBC

Newborn child

00:02

0.85

x109 / L

Basophils

Adults

100, 200, 900

106 / L

0.0

0.75, 2

% Of WBC

Newborn child

0.64
x109 / L

Coagulation

Test

Lower limit

Upper limit

Unit

Comments

Platelet / red cell count (Plt)

140, 150

350, 400, 450

x109 / L

Prothrombin time (PT)

10, 11, 12

13, 13.5, 14, 15

PT varies between reference laboratory kits – INR is standardized

INR

0.9

1.2

The INR is a corrected ratio of a patient with normal PT

Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

18, 30

28, 42, 45

Thrombin clotting time (TCT)

Fibrinogen

1.7, 2.0

3.6, 4.2

g / L

Antithrombin

0.80

1.2

kIU / L

Bleeding time

Minutes

Viscosity

1.5

1.72

Immunology

See also

Blood Test

Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures

Comprehensive metabolic panel

Medical technician

Reference range

References

^ Page 34: Units in the Medical Toxicology Richard C. Dart Issue: 3, illustrated by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004 ISBN 0781728452, 9780781728454 1914 pages Publisher

^ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU VWXYZ AA AB AC ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar au av aw ax to be ay az ba bb bc bd bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dj dk dl dm DH Tues dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy reference range list of Uppsala University Hospital ("Lista laboration). Item # 40 284 Sj74a. Issued to 22 April 2008

^ Abc arterial or venous reference ranges – Brief Article Medical Laboratory Observer, April, 2000 by D. Robert Dufour

^ Proopiomelanocortin; NCBI -> POMC to 28 Retrieved September 2009

Abc ^ Unless otherwise specified in boxes, then ref: Ashwood, Edward R., Tietz, Norbert W. Burtis, Carl A. (1994). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (2nd Ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-4472-4.

^ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU VWXYZ AA AB AC ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar au av aw ax to be ay az ba bb bc bd bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dd dc last page of Deepak A. Rao, Le, Tao, Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the USMLE Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 0-07-149868-0.

^ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU VWXYZ AA AB AC ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar au av aw ax to be ay az ba bb bc bd bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc standard range table from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease.

^ Abcd from molar values derived using molecular weight 22.99mol1

^ Derived from the molar values with molecular weight 39.10mol1

^ ABCDEFGHIJKLMN MERCK Manuals> Common Medical Tests> Blood tests last full review / revision February 2003

^ Derived from the molar values with molecular weight 35.45mol1

^ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU VWXYZ AA AB AC ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar au av aw ax to be ay az ba bb bc bd bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by blood tests – normal ranges Bloodbook.Com

^ From Gardner MD, Scott R (April 1980). "Derived age and sex related reference ranges for eight plasma constituents from randomly selected adults in a Scottish new town." J. Clin. Pathol. 33 (4): 3805th doi: 10.1136/jcp.33.4.380. PMID 7,400,337th PMC 1146084th http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7400337.

^ Abcd Finney H, Newman DJ, Price CP (January 2000). "Predicted Adult reference ranges for serum cystatin C, creatinine and creatinine clearance." Ann. Clin. Biochem. 37 (Pt 1): 4959th doi: 10.1258/0004563001901524. PMID 10,672,373th http://acb.rsmjournals.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10672373.

^ Abcdefgh Derived from the molar values by multiplying with the molecular weight of 113.118 g / mol, and divided by 10,000 and in g / l to adjust mg / dL

^ From MedlinePlus Encyclopedia glucose tolerance test

^ Abc 180g/mol Derived from the molar values with molecular weight

ABCDEFGHIJK Slon ^ S (09/22/2006). "Serum iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456. Accessed 07/06/2006.

^ Abcd Diagnostic Chemicals Limited> serum iron-SL-Assay 15th July 2005

^ ABCDEFGHIJKLM Derived from mass values with molecular weight 55.85mol1

^ From Table 1 summarizes. Page 133 Clinical Chemistry 45, No. 1, 1999 (Note 1.93.3 g / L)

^ As determined by dividing the mass values with molecular weight

^ Abcd ferritin by: Mark Levin, MD, Hematologist and Oncologist, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network

^ Abcd of masses derived using molecular weight of 450,000 mol1

^ From Mitchell ML, Filippone MD, Wozniak TF (August 2001). "Metastatic carcinomatous cirrhosis and hepatic hemosiderosis in a patient heterozygous for the H63D genotype. Arch Pathol. Lab. Med 125 (8): 10847th PMID 11,473,464th http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=125&page=1084.

^ From Diaz J, Tornel PL, Martinez P (July 1995). "Determined reference intervals for blood ammonia in healthy subjects by micro-diffusion". Clin. Chem 41 (7): 1048th PMID 7,600,690th

^ Abcd from molar values derived using molecular weight of 17.03 g / mol

^ Derived from mass values with molecular weight 63.55mol1

^ Derived from molecular mass of 151kDa

^ Abcd of masses derived using molecular weight of 90.08 g / mol

^ Derived from values with molecular mass of 88.06 g / mol

^ Middleton P, Kelly AM, Brown J, Robertson M (2006). "Agreement between arterial and venous central values for pH, bicarbonate, base excess and lactate. Emerg Med J 23 (8): 6224th doi: 10.1136/emj.2006.035915. PMID 16,858,095th

^ Abcdefghijkl The Medical Education Division, Brookside Associates -> ABG (arterial blood gas analysis) Retrieved on 6 December 2009

^ Derived from the molar values with molecular weight 1.01mol1

^ Abcdefgh Derived from mmHg values 0.133322 kPa / mmHg

^ Derived from the molar values with molecular mass of 44.010 g / mol

^ Abcd from molar values derived using molecular weight of 61 g / mol

^ Reference range (albumin) in GPnotebook

^ Derived from mass with molecular weight of 65kD

^ Abcde Derived from mass values with molecular weight 585g/mol

^ Derived from the molar values with molecular weight 585g/mol

^ Abcdefghijklmnopqrs Fachwrterbuch Compact Medical ED / DE. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nhring. Issue 2 Publisher: Elsevier, Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2004. ISBN 3437151207, 9,783,437,151,200th Length: 1288 pages

^ Abcd GPnotebook> reference range (AST) on December 7, 2009 Retrieved

^ As of creatine kinase in GPnotebook

^ ABCDEFGHIJ South London Healthcare NHS Trust

^ Reference range (amylase) in GPnotebook

^ From C-reactive protein in GPnotebook

^ From 2730 Serum C-Reactive Protein levels in diabetic patients with periodontitis AR Choudhury, and S. Rahman, birder, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (The diabetic patients were not used to determine the reference ranges)

Abcd ^ Derived from the crowds with molecular mass of 25 106 g / mol

^ Measurement of plasma D-dimer levels for the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke subtypes, Walter Ageno, MD, Sergio Finazzi, MD, Luigi Steidl, MD, Maria Grazia Biot, MD, Valentina Mera, MD; GianVico Melzi d'exile, MD , Achille Venco, MD. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:2589-2593.

^ Kline JA, Williams GW, Hernandez-Nino J (May 2005). "D-dimer concentration in normal pregnancy: new diagnostic thresholds needed." Clinical Chemistry 51 (5): 8259th doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.044883. PMID 15,764,641th http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/51/5/825.

^ From Larsson L, Ohman S (November 1978). "Serum ionized calcium and corrected total calcium in borderline hyperparathyroidism. Clin. Chem 24 (11): 19625th PMID 709,830th http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=709830.

^ Abcd from molar values derived using molecular weight of 40.08 mol1

Abc ^ Derived from mass values with molecular mass of 40.08 mol1

^ Walter F., PhD. Boron (2005). Medical Physiology: cellular and molecular Approaoch. Elsevier / Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 849

^ Reference range for copper at GPnotebook

^ From http://www.dlolab.com/PDFs/DLO-OCTOBER-2008-LAB-UPDATE.pdf

^ Derived from the molar values with molecular mass of 65.38 g / mol

^ Derived from mass values with molecular mass of 65.38 g / mol

^ Derived from the molar values with molecular weight 24.31/mol

^ Derived from 24.31/mol with molecular mass values

^ Abcdefghijklmno Adeva Nutritionals Canada> Optimal blood test values to 9 Accessed July 2009

^ Abcdef Derived values in mg / dl to mmol / l, divide by 89, for faqs.org: What mg / dl and mmol / l? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update 21 July 2009. Retrieved on 21 July 2009

Abc ^ Derived from values in mg / dl to mmol / l, divide by 39, after faqs.org What mg / dl and mmol / l? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update 21 July 2009. Retrieved on 21 July 2009

^ Abc reference range (cholesterol) in GPnotebook

^ Abcdefgh Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, cholesterol (HDL and LDL) – plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday 6 August 2007

^ What your cholesterol levels mean. American Heart Association. Retrieved on 12 September 2009

^ ABCDEFGHI Derived from values in mmol / l (mg / dl), multiplied by 39, for faqs.org: What mg / dl and mmol / l? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update 21 July 2009. Retrieved on 21 July 2009

^ American Association for Clinical Chemistry, HDL-cholesterol

^ GP Notebook> selection (reference, ca-125) on January 5, 2009 Retrieved

^ ClinLab Navigator> test interpretations> CA-125 on January 5, 2009 Retrieved

^ From Bjerner J, Hgetveit A, Wold Akselberg K, et al. (June 2008). Reference Ranges for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, MUC1, Alfa-feto protein (AFP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and CA19.9 NORIP of study ". Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 68: 112 doi: 10.1080/00365510802126836. PMID 18,609,108th

^ Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in MedicineNet

^ The TSH Reference Range Wars: What is the one who is wrong who is right … "Normal?" By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: 19 June 2006. About.com Health's Disease and Condition

^ From 2006 Press Releases: Thyroid imbalance? Set up your numbers Contact: Bryan Campbell American] Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

^ From The TSH Reference Range Wars: "Normal" What is who is in the wrong, Who is right … By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: 19 June 2006

^ From Demers, Laurence M.; Carole A. Spencer (2002). "LMPG: laboratory support for diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid diseases." National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (USA). http://www.nacb.org/lmpg/thyroid_LMPG_PDF.stm. Retrieved 13/4/2007 -. See section 2 Pre-analytical factors

^ ABCDEFGHIJ Free T4, Thyroxine, Free T4, Free UNC Health Care System

^ ABCDEFGHIJ Derived from mass values with molecular weight of 776.87 g / mol

^ Abcdefghijklmno Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays – Thyroid Disease Manager

^ Abcd euthyroid patients with elevated serum free thyroxine George van der Watt1, a, David and Peter Berman Haarburger1

^ Abcd masses derived from Using molecular weight of 650.98 g / mol

^ AB serum concentrations of free T3, free T4 and TSH in healthy children, Michele Cioffi, Gazzerro Patrizia, Maria Teresa Vietri, Magnetta Rosa, Adriana Durante, Anna Maria D'Auria, Giovanni Alfredo Puca, Anna Maria Molinari;

^ From Andrology Australia: Your Health> low testosterone> Diagnosis

^ Abcd of masses derived using molecular weight 288.42g/mol

^ Abcdefg 288.42g/mol Derived from the molar values with molecular weight

MedlinePlus Abcd ^> Testosterone Update Date: 2008.03.18. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt MD, PhD, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director

^ ABCDEFGHIJ reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on 27 September 2009

Develop detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle on the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer: ^ abcdefgh values from day 1 after LH surge in removed. Reto Stricker, Raphael Eberhart, Marie-Christine Chevailler, Frank A. Quinn, Paul Bishop and René Stricker. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 44 (7): 883 887 PMID: 16,776,638

^ New York Hospital Queens Abcdef> Services and facilities> Patient Testing> Pathology> New York Hospital Queens diagnostic laboratories> Test Directory> Reference ranges Retrieved on 8 November 2009

^ ABCDEFGHIJ GPNotebook – reference range (estradiol) to 27 Retrieved September 2009

^ Abcdefghijkl 272.38g/mol Derived from the molar values with molecular weight

^ Derived from the molar values with molecular weight of 314.46 g / mol

^ Derived from 4540g/mol of mass values with molar mass for Proopiomelanocortin; NCBI – am> POMC Retrieved 28th September 2009

^ "Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: Normal. WebMD. 09/03/2006. http://children.webmd.com/adrenocorticotropic-hormone?page=2. Accessed 11/09/2008.

^ Derived from the molar values with molecular weight 4540g/mol after Proopiomelanocortin; NCBI – am> POMC Retrieved 28th September 2009

^ Abcd Biochemie Referenzbereiche bei Good Hope Hospital Abgerufen am 8. November 2009

^ Abcd aus molaren Werten abgeleitet Hilfe Molmasse von 362 g / mol

^ Ab Abgeleitet vom molaren Werte mit Molmasse von 9,4 kDa

^ Ab Tabelle 2: Aloia JF, Feuerman M, Yeh JK (2006). "Referenz für Serum Parathyroidhormon". Endocr Pract 12 (2): 13744. PMID 16690460.

^ Ab Abgeleitet von Masse-Werte mit Molmasse von 9,4 kDa

^ Abcdef Abgeleitet vom molaren Werte mit Molmasse 400,6 g / mol

^ Abcd Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional Biochemistry der Vitamine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80388-8. http://books.google.com.br/books?id=pxEJNs0IUo4C. Abgerufen 10. Dezember 2008 über Google Buchsuche.

^ Abcd Bischoff-Ferrari, HA, Dietrich, T., Orav, JE, Hu, FB, Zhang, Y., Karlson, E., Dawson-Hughes, B. 2004. Höhere 25-Hydroxy-D-Spiegel sind mit einer besseren Funktion der unteren Extremität in aktive und inaktive Erwachsene 60 + Jahre verbunden. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80:752-758.

^ Abcd Reusch J, Ackermann H, Badenhoop K (Mai 2009). "Zyklische Veränderungen von Vitamin D und PTH sind in erster Linie durch Sonneneinstrahlung geregelt: 5-Jahres-Analyse einer deutschen (50 ° N) Bevölkerung". Horm. Metab. Res. 41 (5): 4027. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1128131. PMID 19241329.

^ Abcdefgh Letter: Kalzium und Vitamin D zur Vorbeugung von Frakturen. Die Daten werden nicht ausreichen, um Unwirksamkeit Alex Vasquez, Forscher zeigen. BMJ 2005; 331:108-109 (9. Juli), doi: 10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b.

^ Abcdefgh The Doctor's Arzt: Homocystein

^ Abcdefgh Abgeleitet vom molaren Werte mit molaren massof 135 g / mol

^ Abcdef Central Manchester University Hospitals -> Referenzbereiche auf 9. Juli 2009 Abgerufen

^ University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center> Clinical Lab Referenzbereich Guide Abgerufen am 28. April 2009

^ Abcde Abgeleitet von Masse-Werte mit Molmasse von 441 mol1

^ Abcdefg GPnotebook> B12 Abgerufen am 28. April 2009

^ Ab abgeleitete Form molaren Werte mit Molmasse 1355g/mol

^ Ab Abgeleitet von Masse-Werte mit Molmasse 1355g/mol

^ ab Derived from mass values using molar mass of 176 grams per mol

^ abc For Driving under the influence by country, see Drunk driving law by country

^ Derived from mass values using molar mass of 46g/mol

^ abcde Derived from mass values using 64,500 g/mol, according to Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol 90 (2): 511519. PMID 11160049.

^ abcd Derived from mass concentration, using molar mass of 64,458 g/mol (Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol 90 (2): 511519. PMID 11160049. ). 1 g/dL = 0.1551 mmol/L

^ abcdefgh lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count Retrieved on May 14, 2009

^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstu Clinical Laboratory Medicine. By Kenneth D. McClatchey. Page 807.

^ Determination of monocyte count by hematological analyzers, manual method and flow cytometry in polish population Central European Journal of Immunology 1-2/2006. (Centr Eur J Immunol 2006; 31 (1-2): 1-5) authors: Elbieta Grska, Urszula Demkow, Roman Pikowski, Barbara Jakubczak, Dorota Matuszewicz, Jolanta Gawda, Wioletta Rzeszotarska, Maria Wsik,

^ ab MedlinePlus Encyclopedia 003652

^ ab Retrieved on November 20, 2009

^ ab Miller A, Green M, Robinson D (1983). "Simple rule for calculating normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 286 (6361): 266. doi:10.1136/bmj.286.6361.266. PMID 6402065.

^ Bttiger LE, Svedberg CA (1967). "Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and age". Br Med J 2 (5544): 857. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5544.85. PMID 6020854.

^ ab Sipahi T, Kara C, Tavil B, Inci A, Oksal A (March 2003). "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: an overlooked cause of late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn". J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 25 (3): 2745. doi:10.1097/00043426-200303000-00019. PMID 12621252. http://www.jpho-online.com/pt/re/jpho/fulltext.00043426-200303000-00019.htm.

^ ab Derived from mass values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol

^ ab Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol

^ abcdefghij The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009

External Links

biochemical reference values at GPnotebook

Values at lymphomation.org

Descriptions at amarillomed.com

vde

Medical test: Serology, reference range: blood tests

Clinical biochemistry

Metabolic panel

BMP: electrolytes (Na+/K+, Cl-/HCO3-) renal function, BUN-to-creatinine ratio (BUN/Creatinine) Glucose Ca

CMP: BMP + protein tests (Human serum albumin, Serum total protein) liver function tests (ALP, ALT, AST, Bilirubin)

derived values: Plasma osmolality Serum osmolal gap

Acid-base homeostasis

Arterial blood gas Base excess Anion gap CO2 content

Iron tests

Transferrin saturation = Serum iron / Total iron-binding capacity

Ferritin Transferrin Transferrin receptor

Blood sugar

Glucose test Glucose tolerance test Noninvasive glucose C-peptide Fructosamine Glycated hemoglobin

Endokrin

ACTH stimulation test Thyroid function tests

Cardiac marker

Troponin test CPK-MB test Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB

Other

Beutler test Blood lipids Tumor marker

Hematology/CBC

Clotting

Platelet count Mean platelet volume vWF: Ristocetin induced platelet agglutination

clotting factors: Prothrombin time Partial thromboplastin time Thrombin time

other/general coagulation: Bleeding time animal enzyme (Reptilase time, Ecarin clotting time, Dilute Russell's viper venom time) Thromboelastography

fibrinolysis: Euglobulin lysis time D-dimer

Red blood cell indices

Hematocrit Hemoglobin RBC count

ratios: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration Mean corpuscular volume

Fetal hemoglobin: Apt-Downey test Kleihauer-Betke test Red blood cell distribution width

Reticulocyte index Haptoglobin

Other

Blood film Blood viscosity Absolute neutrophil count

Immunology

Infections

viral infection: HIV (HIV test, BDNA test) Epstein-Barr virus (Monospot test)

bacterial infection: syphilis (VDRL, Rapid plasma reagin, Wassermann test, FTA-ABS) rickettsia (Weil-Felix test) helicobacter (HelicoCARE direct) streptococcus (Antistreptolysin O titre)

protozoan infection: toxoplasmosis (Sabin-Feldman dye test)

Inflammation

C-reactive protein Erythrocyte sedimentation rate MELISA RAST test

see also reference ranges for blood tests

Categories: Blood tests

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